美國注冊公共會計(jì)師協(xié)會(American Institute of Certified Public Accountants), 成立于1887年,原名為美國公共會計(jì)師協(xié)會(AAPA),1917年改為美國會計(jì)師協(xié)會(AIA), 至1953年改為現(xiàn)名。它是世界上會員最多的會計(jì)師組織,在國際同行內(nèi)影響比較大,但由于三方面原因目前尚未進(jìn)入中國大陸:
  一是中國考生必須到美國去參加考試;
  二是美國各州法律不同,在某州注冊的CPA到另一州執(zhí)業(yè)有很多法律限制,令中國學(xué)員難以選擇;
  三是AICPA的全球化開發(fā)程度有限,未見對海外學(xué)員的任何鼓勵和扶助政策。
  為什么AICPA的會員那么多呢?哈哈,因?yàn)槊绹说慕?jīng)濟(jì)頭腦!他們的會員不是考完試才能加入的,(要做ACCA會員,不但考完試,還要有三年的相關(guān)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)),他們是只要給錢,就能加入。不同的人收不同的費(fèi)用:
  (No application will be processed without payment)
  Employed in business and industry as
  47 President/CEO/COO $240
  48 CFO/Officer - Financial / Non-accounting $240
  49 Officer - Non-financial / Non-accounting $240
  50 Financial / Accounting Management $140
  52 Financial / Accounting Staff $140
  53 Internal Auditer $140
  54 Staff - Non-financial / Non-accounting $140
  ..............
  然而是AICPA的會員,并不等于是CPA!!這只是說你 As an AICPA member, you receive exclusive offers and discounts from leading manufacturers and service providers. Members who take advantage of these programs save an average of $900 per year -- all because of the AICPA\'s considerable group buying power. 同時(shí)還享用aicpa提供的服務(wù),例如網(wǎng)站內(nèi)的 case study.
  在美國,成為cpa完全是另一個概念,幾乎意味著你的工作沒有問題了,因?yàn)槟憧梢詧?zhí)業(yè),即便不是很高收入的工作。那怎樣才能成為cpa呢?
  To become a CPA, you need to meet the requirements of the state or jurisdiction in which you wish to practice. These requirements, which vary from state to state, are established by law and administered by the state boards of accountancy.
  To qualify for certification, you must:
  - complete a program of study in accounting at a college/university (the AICPA recommends at least 150 semester hours of college to study to obtain the common body of knowledge for becoming a CPA.)
  - pass the Uniform CPA Examination, which is developed and graded by the AICPA; and
  -have a certain amount of professional work experience in public accounting (not all states require this).
  這些關(guān)于aicpa,cpa 的具體情況,大家可以去他們的網(wǎng)站www.aicpa.org 了解更多。我只是選出可能是大家最關(guān)心的部分。
  那么cpa考試又是怎么回事呢?簡單的說,對于cicpa會員來說,這考試不是一項(xiàng)條件,但如果考過了,拿的不叫 membership, 而是associate membership,會費(fèi)便宜一些,$100; 對于cpa證書來說,這考試只是條件之一。
  至于考試內(nèi)容,我也把它節(jié)選了下來。cpa準(zhǔn)備機(jī)考,以下是筆考跟機(jī)考的內(nèi)容對比:
  The Uniform CPA Examination will be delivered in a computer-based format beginning April 5, 2004. The final paper-based version of the CPA examination will be given on November 5 and 6, 2003.
  The following table compares the content areas tested in each section under the current structure and under the proposed structure. The percentages refer to the amount of topical coverage within the specified section of the examination. The material differences between the structures are as follows:
  Current Examination
  1.Auditing 100%
  2.Financial Accounting & Reporting 100%
  3.Accounting & Reporting
  - Taxation 60%
  - Governmental and Not-for-Profit Organizations 30%
  - Managerial (measurement)10%
  4.Law & Professional Responsibilities
  - Business Structure 20%
  - All areas other than Business Structure 80%
  Proposed Examination
  1.Auditing & Attestation 100%
  2.Financial Accounting & Reporting
  - Business enterprises 80%
  - Governmental entities 10%
  - Not-for-profit organizations 10%
  3.Regulation
  - Taxation 60%
  - Law & Professional Responsibilities (all areas other than Business Structure) 40%
  4.Business Environment & Concepts
  - Business Structure 20%
  - Measurement (managerial) 10%
  - All areas other than Business Structure and Measurement (not separately tested on current examination)70%
  總的來說,成為aicpa會員、拿到cpa證書,跟成為ACCA會員、拿到acca證書是不同的概念。后者是指你成為了acca這個組織認(rèn)可的專業(yè)人士,這個資格的意義在于你的雇主是否承認(rèn)acca的權(quán)威性,這在全球多個國家是承認(rèn)的,包括中國,承認(rèn)的話工作就沒問題了。而前者,成為aicpa會員,it means nothing in profession;拿到cpa證書,在美國工作是沒有問題的,但強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn):各州對于拿到這個證書所要求的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間、工作時(shí)間、每年的后續(xù)教育時(shí)間都不同;從一個州轉(zhuǎn)去另一個州,原來的cpa是否被認(rèn)可也說不準(zhǔn)。如果你知道自己要去哪個州,就不僅僅是看www.aicpa.org, 一定要看那個州的cpa網(wǎng)頁,比如去紐約,要看 http://www.nysscpa.org 。
  反過來,沒有cpa證書能否在美國從事財(cái)會工作呢?能。cpa是可以執(zhí)業(yè)的,一般的財(cái)會工作沒那么高要求,看看招聘的網(wǎng)頁,比較 popular 的是 http://www.monster.com 用 accountant 或 accounting manager 搜索職位,就知道這方面的工作要求是什么了,基本上,accountant 不需要 cpa, 只需要Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from a four-year college or university。而 accouting manager 是 CPA preferred, not required. 很多去美國的華人讀mcc,那對找工作來說是足夠的。
  美國是一個極其自大自戀的國家,在會計(jì)資格方面,其他國家的的證書在美國幾乎都是沒有意義。加拿大的證書在美國能否被接納?難說。待我打聽一下。
  拋開證書不說,美國GAAP和英國GAAP也相當(dāng)不同。以前一直以為,英美,英美,在會計(jì)制度上應(yīng)該差不多吧,至少也互通吧。后來才知道挺不同的。有朋友開玩笑說,沒有一個證是完全全球通行,如果你要去阿富汗工作,應(yīng)該考的是 Afghancpa.老外,特別是打算做財(cái)務(wù)的老外,他們基本上是在一個地區(qū)從小活到老,不會象咱中國人這么勇敢和好學(xué),跑去那么遠(yuǎn)的地方住還要考那么多試。居然有人把幾個國家的會計(jì)考試作比較,在他們看來也許挺奇怪的
  
      
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