Question：Which leadership approach sees the leadership process in a context made up of three interrelated variables: task needs, the individual needs of group members and the needs of the group as a whole?
　　A.Action-centred leadership
　　B.Contingency theory
　　C.The managerial grid
　　D.Dispersed leadership
Answer：A
 
　　Rationale: This is a description of John Adair’s action-centred leadership model. Contingency theory is more general: indeed, Adair’s model is within the contingency school of thought. The managerial grid is based on two dimensions: concern for task and concern for people. Dispersed leadership (Heifetz) is the idea that individuals at all organisational levels can exert a ‘leadership influence’.